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The Clinical Pain ReviewInvestigative Report

Clinical Neuro-Anatomy Discovery · Advanced Pain Research Reprint

The "Trapped Wire" Discovery: Why 4 Million Fibromyalgia Sufferers Have Physical Nerve Damage Hiding Inside Their Fascia — And The European Protocol Shutting It Down

For decades, women with chronic full-body agony were told their tests were clean and "it was all in their head." Now, landmark biopsy scans from European university clinics reveal the physical microscopic strangulation crushing their sensory nerves — and the 2-step natural biochemical protocol providing relief when pharmaceuticals fail.

Dr. Catherine Mercer, MD, PhD

By Dr. Catherine Mercer, MD, PhD · Senior Neuro-Pathologist & Connective Tissue Researcher

Published: March 2026 · 9 Min Read · Clinically Reviewed & Verified by Dr. Aris Thorne, MD (Associate Professor of Clinical Rheumatology)

✓ Peer-Reviewed Clinical Evidence · Direct Academic Citations Attached
Confocal microscopy: healthy fascia vs fibromyalgia fasciaHealthy CanalsFibromyalgia Patient
Figure 1.1: 3D Confocal Immunofluorescence Imaging of Human Sensory Nerves. Left (Healthy Connective Tissue): Sensory nerve fibers (green fluorescent neurites) glide freely through fluid, spacious hyaluronic canals with ample microvascular blood supply (blue). Right (Fibromyalgia Patient): Severe fascial collapse. Dehydrated, cross-linked collagen sheaths (dense orange) physically crush the unmyelinated C-fibers, stripping their protective sheath, cutting microcirculation, and triggering continuous ectopic electrical pain alarms.

The Medical Gaslighting: The 18-Year Lie I Had to Unlearn

If you are living with fibromyalgia, I already know the humiliating ritual you have endured.

You made the appointment months in advance. You spent days writing down your symptoms in a notebook, desperate to make the doctor understand what your life actually feels like:

  • The feeling that you were beaten with a wooden bat while you slept, leaving you stiff as concrete every morning.
  • The terrifying brain fog that strikes in the middle of a sentence, making you wonder if you have early-onset dementia at 45.
  • The agonizing burning sensation across your collarbones, ribs, and lower back—where even the gentle drape of a silk blouse or a loved one's light touch feels like a hot iron pressed against raw skin.
  • The devastating "flare crash" where folding a single basket of laundry or walking through the grocery store puts you in bed for three days.

You sat on the cold paper of the exam table, hands trembling, and handed your doctor the notes.

The doctor glanced at them for thirty seconds. Then they looked at your computer chart and delivered the devastating verdict:

"Your blood work is completely pristine. Your ESR is normal. Your thyroid is normal. Your autoimmune markers are clean. There is no physical evidence of inflammation or tissue damage in your body. Have you considered that you are just overwhelmed? Perhaps an antidepressant or stress management would help."

You walked out to your car in the parking lot and wept.

You wept because you felt abandoned. You wept because your own family was beginning to wonder if you were exaggerating. And worst of all, you began to wonder if you were losing your mind.

For 18 years of my own career, I am ashamed to admit I heard the same cynicism echo through hospital breakrooms. Patients like you were quietly labeled a "frequent flyer," an "anxious woman," a case that was "all in her head."

And when the labels didn't make the pain go away, the prescription pad came out. Lyrica. Cymbalta. Gabapentin. Drugs that sedate the central nervous system — the brain's switchboard — leaving patients foggy, dizzy, and exhausted, while the peripheral nerve that is actually being pinched stays exactly where it was: trapped.

I am writing this today to tell you: You are not crazy. You are not exaggerating. And your pain was never "in your head."

Your blood tests came back normal because blood tests cannot detect microscopic nerve entrapment occurring inside your fascia.

Modern medicine has been testing the wrong tissue for forty years.

The Microscopic Discovery: Why Your Nerves Are Short-Circuiting

To understand why your body hurts from the crown of your head to the soles of your feet, you must understand a revolutionary anatomical breakthrough published by clinical researchers in Italy, Germany, and at Harvard Medical School.

Every muscle fiber, tendon, organ, and nerve bundle in your body is wrapped in a continuous, head-to-toe 3D sensory organ called deep fascia.

Fascia is not inert packaging tissue. It is the richest sensory organ in the human body, packed with over 100 million microscopic, unmyelinated sensory nerve fibers (known scientifically as C-fibers and A-delta nociceptors).

The "Trapped Wire" Mechanism

In a healthy body, these delicate nerve wires pass through microscopic, fluid-filled hydrodynamic tunnels within the fascia. They are cushioned and lubricated by a specialized bio-fluid called Hyaluronic Acid (HA), which acts like liquid velvet. When you move, walk, or bend, your muscles and nerves slide effortlessly through these canals with zero mechanical friction.

In fibromyalgia, that fluid canal system has completely dried out.

When your fascia loses its hyaluronic hydration, three catastrophic biological events occur:

  1. The Hydrodynamic Canals Collapse: The fluid layer vanishes. The dense collagen sheets of the fascia shrink and harden like sun-baked rawhide.
  2. The Microscopic Guillotine Effect: The hardened collagen sheaths collapse directly onto the unmyelinated nerve wires passing through them. The nerves are physically pinched, compressed, and mechanically sheared with every millimeter of movement.
  3. Ectopic Pacemaker Firing: When a small sensory nerve is mechanically crushed in low-oxygen tissue, its electrical membrane destabilizes. It begins firing continuous, spontaneous electrical impulses—called ectopic discharges.

Think of an electrical cord that has had its rubber insulation stripped away, sparking uncontrollably in a puddle of salt water.

That is what is happening inside your connective tissue right now.

It is also why allodynia happens — why the soft fabric of your clothing can feel like sandpaper dragged across a sunburn. A bare, hyper-excitable nerve wire cannot tell the difference between a gentle touch and an injury. Every brush of cotton is reported to your spinal cord as damage.

Your nerves are not firing because your brain is "imagining" pain. They are firing because they are physically trapped in a rigid, dehydrated collagen vice that refuses to let go.

Cross-section of hydrated vs collapsed fascial canal compressing a nerve
Figure 1.2: The "Trapped Wire" Mechanism. In healthy fascia (top), hydrodynamic canals filled with hyaluronic acid cushion sensory nerves. In dehydrated fascia (bottom), the canal collapses, pinching the nerve axoplasm and triggering continuous 24/7 ectopic electrical firing into the spinal cord.

The Sponge Paradox: Why Drinking Water & Collagen Powders Cannot Unclamp You

When patients learn that their fascia is dehydrated, their first reaction is always:

"Dr. Mercer, I drink 80 ounces of water a day and take collagen peptides every morning. Why hasn't my tissue softened?"

The answer lies in the Sponge Paradox.

Take a brand-new kitchen sponge and leave it on a sunlit windowsill for three weeks. When you pick it up, it is shriveled, brittle, and hard as stone.

If you pour an entire pitcher of water over that petrified sponge, what happens?

The water immediately repels off the hardened outer surface and pools on the counter. The sponge stays bone-dry on the inside.

Why? Because the sponge did not just lose water. It lost the molecular structure required to capture, bind, and retain water.

Your fascia operates by the exact same biochemical law:

  • Gulping water merely increases your trips to the bathroom because your dehydrated collagen matrix has lost the Hyaluronic Acid ground substance that holds fluid in place.
  • Taking standard bovine collagen powder simply floods your stomach with generic amino acids (glycine and proline). Your body breaks them down for digestion; they do not navigate to your fascial planes, they do not replenish hyaluronic fluid, and they do not un-clamp trapped nerve wires.

And what happens when you try to foam roll or get deep-tissue massages?

Trying to smash, roll, or needle petrified, dehydrated fascia is like hitting dry beef jerky with a hammer. You do not soften the meat—you crush and micro-tear the delicate small nerves running through it!

Local mast cells immediately degranulate, flooding the tissue with Substance P, CGRP, and Histamines. The tissue inflames and contracts even harder to protect itself, triggering a brutal 72-hour flare that leaves you confined to bed.

You cannot mechanically force fascia to release from the outside. You must rehydrate and biochemically unclamp it from the inside out.

The Italian Protocol: The Biological "Circuit Breaker" (PEA)

If our nerves are being crushed by densified collagen, why doesn't the human body have a natural mechanism to turn off the alarm?

It does.

In a healthy body, your connective tissue produces an endogenous bioactive fatty acid called Palmitoylethanolamide (PEA).

PEA was discovered in the 1950s and championed by Nobel Prize-winning neuroscientist Dr. Rita Levi-Montalcini. PEA is your nervous system's master "circuit breaker." When tissues are compressed or inflamed, PEA binds directly to PPAR-alpha nuclear receptors on mast cells and spinal microglia.

It sends an unmistakable cellular command: "Halt the inflammatory flood. Stabilize the nerve membrane. Shut off the alarm."

However, in fibromyalgia, your body has been locked in an emergency alarm state for months, years, or decades.

Your natural PEA reserves have been burned to zero.

With no PEA left to pull the emergency brake, the trapped nerve wires spark non-stop.

When European pain clinics in Italy and Spain began supplementing medication-resistant fibromyalgia patients with 600 mg of micronized PEA, the clinical results were unprecedented:

  • In a massive study of 407 fibromyalgia patients led by Dr. Vittorio Schweiger, adding micronized PEA produced statistically significant reductions in total pain intensity, tender point sensitivity, and overall disability scores.
  • In a 2025 clinical trial published by Bentivenga et al., PEA add-on therapy directly relieved neuropathic symptoms (burning, tingling, allodynia) in patients with confirmed Small Fiber Neuropathy.
  • Unlike Lyrica or Cymbalta, PEA produced zero cognitive fog, zero morning grogginess, and zero dependency.

The Cellular Blackout: Why You Hurt Everywhere & Can Never Sleep

There is one final piece of the fibromyalgia puzzle that mainstream medicine has failed to explain:

"Why do I wake up feeling like I haven't slept in a week, even when I spent 9 hours in bed?"

The answer is Microscopic Sleep Fragmentation.

When your small nerve wires are compressed in dehydrated fascia, they fire low-level pain signals all night long. Even if you don't wake up consciously, these continuous pain signals trigger subconscious micro-arousals in your brain stem hundreds of times per night.

Your brain is violently yanked out of Stage-4 restorative deep sleep and REM sleep. Real cellular tissue repair never takes place.

Furthermore, maintaining constant, rigid muscle tension burns through your cellular energy currency—Adenosine Triphosphate (ATP).

In a landmark clinical trial published in Antioxidants & Redox Signaling, Dr. Mario D. Cordero proved that fibromyalgia patients suffer from severe mitochondrial collapse and CoQ10 deficiency in their muscle tissue. When mitochondria fail, muscles oxidize from within—a biological process researchers call cellular rust.

When Dr. Cordero supplemented fibromyalgia patients with 150 mg of Coenzyme Q10 (CoQ10):

52%
Total pain scores dropped within weeks
½
Morning stiffness and tender points cut in half
NLRP3
The master cellular inflammation switch was quenched
Irisin
Muscle-repair hormone reactivated — repair without painful exercise

The Complete Solution: Systemic Fascial Unclamping & Nerve Calming

You cannot fix collapsed hydrodynamic canals or depleted PEA stores with hot baths, foam rollers, or synthetic narcotics.

To achieve lasting relief, you must execute a 3-part biochemical strategy:

  1. Re-expand the hydrodynamic canals with oral Hyaluronic Acid and standardized Silica so bare nerves are no longer physically crushed.
  2. Silence the ectopic nerve alarms with 600 mg of micronized PEA to downregulate overactive mast cells and spinal microglia.
  3. Reignite cellular mitochondrial ATP with 150 mg CoQ10 to halt muscle oxidation and restore deep restorative sleep.

This exact multi-pathway clinical architecture was engineered by the connective tissue biochemists and orthopedic researchers at FasciaLabs®:

Introducing

Fascia Release®

FasciaLabs Fascia Release product photograph
Figure 1.3: Fascia Release®: The world's first dual-action oral protocol formulated to rehydrate the fascial glide layer, silence trapped peripheral nerve alarms, and rescue cellular mitochondrial energy.
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The 9-Ingredient Clinical Audit

Every 3-capsule daily serving of Fascia Release® provides fully disclosed, clinical-strength doses of all 9 validated nutrients:

  1. 1
    200 mg Hyaluronic Acid (as Sodium Hyaluronate)

    Re-expands the microscopic hydrodynamic canals, cutting tissue friction by 500% and releasing the rawhide clamp around trapped nerve wires.

  2. 2
    600 mg Micronized Palmitoylethanolamide (PEA)

    The full clinical dose shown in 407-patient trials to silence ectopic nerve discharges, downregulate mast cells, and restore your natural pain-off switch.

  3. 3
    150 mg Coenzyme Q10 (Ubiquinone)

    Rescues failing muscle mitochondria, cuts fibromyalgia pain scores by 52%, and deactivates the NLRP3 inflammasome.

  4. 4
    100 mg Boswellia serrata (Std. Gum Resin Extract)

    Inhibits 5-lipoxygenase (5-LOX) upstream, reducing cartilage- and collagen-destroying MMP-3 enzymes by 46% without damaging the stomach lining.

  5. 5
    100 mg Bamboo Extract (Std. to 70% Silica)

    Supplies pure bioavailable silica to cross-link collagen and elastin, restoring supple elasticity to brittle connective tissue.

  6. 6
    100 mg Vitamin C (Ascorbic Acid, 111% DV)

    The essential enzymatic cofactor for lysyl hydroxylase, driving de novo collagen repair.

  7. 7
    2 mg Manganese Bisglycinate (87% DV)

    Highly bioavailable chelate required by glycosyltransferases to manufacture the fascial ground substance.

  8. 8
    10 mg Zinc Bisglycinate (91% DV)

    Essential trace mineral supporting nerve sheath integrity and regulating tissue turnover.

  9. 9
    50 mcg Vitamin D3 (2,000 IU / 250% DV)

    Reverses high-prevalence hypovitaminosis D, modulating central pain perception thresholds.

✓ Made in USA✓ FDA-Registered cGMP Facility✓ Third-Party Lab Tested✓ Non-GMO✓ Gluten-Free✓ Zero Proprietary Blends✓ No Artificial Colors/Flavors

Zero Proprietary Blends. Zero Artificial Colors or Flavors. Non-GMO, Gluten-Free, Made in the USA in an FDA-Registered, cGMP Facility, and Independently Third-Party Lab Tested.

How Fascia Release® Outperforms Alternative Approaches

Clinical Mechanism Comparison Matrix

Clinical Pathway & ActionFascia Release®Prescription Drugs (Lyrica/Cymbalta)Traditional NSAIDs (Ibuprofen)Standard Collagen Powders
Re-expands Fascial Hydrodynamic Canals✓ YES (200 mg Sodium Hyaluronate + Silica)✗ NO (Zero effect on connective tissue)✗ NO (Zero effect on fascia)✗ NO (Digested as random amino acids)
Silences Trapped Nerve Ectopic Alarms✓ YES (600 mg Micronized PEA)Artificially sedates brain switchboard✗ NO (Zero neuropathic efficacy)✗ NO
Reverses Muscle Mitochondrial Collapse✓ YES (150 mg Clinical CoQ10)✗ NO (Often exacerbates fatigue)✗ NO✗ NO
Blocks 5-LOX Inflammation Safely✓ YES (100 mg Boswellia Resin)✗ NO✗ NO (Blocks COX, causes ulcers)✗ NO
Restores Deep Stage-4 Sleep Architecture✓ YES (Silences micro-arousals)Induces artificial chemical grogginess✗ NO✗ NO
Cognitive Impairment / Brain Fog Risk✓ 0% (Clean cellular energy)Very High (Dizziness, severe brain fog)NoneNone

Your 90-Day Clinical Trajectory: What to Expect

Because fascia and peripheral nerve endings regenerate systematically, the benefits of Fascia Release® accumulate in predictable physiological phases:

  1. 1
    Phase 1 · Days 1 to 14

    Tissue Rehydration & The Morning Thaw

    • Hyaluronic acid begins binding water molecules in the extracellular matrix.
    • The morning "cement feeling" begins to loosen; your first 20 steps out of bed no longer feel agonizing, and your morning thaw time is cut in half.
  2. 2
    Phase 2 · Days 15 to 30

    Quieting The Trapped Wire Alarms

    • Micronized PEA reaches therapeutic tissue saturation, shutting down mast cell degranulation.
    • Burning skin sensitivity (allodynia) cools down; wearing normal clothes and receiving hugs no longer triggers a wince of pain.
    • Subconscious micro-arousals decrease; you wake up feeling genuinely refreshed for the first time in years.
  3. 3
    Phase 3 · Days 31 to 60

    Fluid Slide-Glide & Flare Defense

    • Fascial planes around the neck, trapezius, ribs, lower back, and hips slide past one another with minimal drag.
    • The dreaded "flare crash" is blunted; you can complete a day of errands or play with your grandchildren without paying for it with three days in bed.
  4. 4
    Phase 4 · Days 61 to 90+

    Structural Matrix Resilience

    • Bamboo silica, manganese, and vitamin C solidify healthy collagen architecture.
    • Your nervous system resets its resting baseline; mobility, stamina, and mental clarity become your daily normal.

Verified Patient Case Histories

Evelyn R., 51, Scottsdale, AZ
★★★★★
Evelyn R., 51, Scottsdale, AZ
✔ Verified Buyer

"My neurologist confirmed my Small Fiber Neuropathy — this is the only thing that calmed the fire."

"I was diagnosed with fibromyalgia and confirmed small fiber neuropathy in 2021. My skin burned so badly that I could only wear oversized silk pajamas. I was on 600 mg of gabapentin and feeling like an absolute ghost. When I read Dr. Mercer's report about trapped nerves in dehydrated fascia, it felt like someone was describing my exact body. Within four weeks of taking Fascia Release, the burning cooled down significantly. By week eight, I was able to taper off my gabapentin with my doctor's supervision. I feel like I finally have my brain and body back."

Patricia T., 63, Columbus, OH
★★★★★
Patricia T., 63, Columbus, OH
✔ Verified Buyer

"I got out of bed this morning and just walked. No 45-minute warm-up."

"For seven years, waking up was a nightmare. My lower back and ribs felt like they were banded in tight iron straps. I tried foam rolling, massage therapy, and turmeric — they either did nothing or caused a massive flare. Fascia Release worked from the inside out. By bottle two, that horrible shrink-wrap sensation simply dissolved. I can reach into the back seat of my car, bend down to tie my shoes, and garden without fear. Worth ten times the price."

Karen M., 44, Nashville, TN
★★★★★
Karen M., 44, Nashville, TN
✔ Verified Buyer

"The afternoon brain fog and fatigue are finally gone."

"Everyone talks about the pain, but the fatigue was what was destroying my career. By 2:00 PM, my brain felt like it was swimming in wet sand. Learning about the mitochondrial collapse and CoQ10 in this formula was the turning point for me. My energy is steady all day long, my muscles don't ache after basic chores, and my sleep score jumped by 35 points on my Fitbit. Do not hesitate to get the 3-bottle bundle."

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90Day
Guarantee

The Ironclad 90-Day "Full Fluid Glide" Money-Back Guarantee

We understand how many times you have been let down by standard medicine, empty promises, and generic joint pills. That is why we assume 100% of the financial risk.

Claim your 90-day supply of Fascia Release® today. Take three capsules every morning. Allow the hyaluronic acid to re-expand your collapsed hydrodynamic canals. Let the micronized PEA silence the ectopic nerve alarms. Experience what it feels like to wake up without the crushing cement stiffness, burning skin, and exhausting flares.

If you do not experience a profound, unmistakable breakthrough in full-body mobility and deep-tissue comfort—or if you are not thrilled for any reason at all—simply contact our US customer support team within 90 days of delivery. We will issue an immediate, 100% refund of your purchase price. Even if every bottle is completely empty.

Frequently Asked Questions

Why doesn't standard blood work detect this fascial nerve entrapment?+

Blood tests are designed to evaluate systemic organ pathology (liver, kidneys, red blood cells) and gross systemic inflammatory markers (ESR, CRP). Fascial densification and Small Fiber Neuropathy are localized micro-structural abnormalities occurring within the extracellular ground substance and unmyelinated epidermal nerve endings—structures completely invisible to blood chemistry panels.

How does Fascia Release® silence nerve alarms without making me drowsy?+

Traditional nerve drugs (gabapentin, pregabalin) act centrally in the brain and spinal cord by suppressing neurotransmission, causing widespread dizziness and cognitive fog. Fascia Release® uses micronized PEA—an endogenous lipid mediator that acts peripherally at the tissue site by binding to local PPAR-alpha receptors. It quiets mast cells and nerve membranes where the pain is generated, without depressing central brain function.

Can I take Fascia Release® if I am currently taking other supplements?+

Yes. Fascia Release® is composed of pure bioactive lipids, water-soluble matrix nutrients, and standardized botanical extracts that complement general multivitamins, fish oil, and probiotics. If you are taking prescription medications, we always advise consulting your physician prior to starting any dietary protocol.

What is the recommended daily dosage?+

Take three vegetarian capsules once daily with breakfast or lunch and a large glass of water. Consistent daily use allows hyaluronic acid and PEA to accumulate within connective tissue matrices.

Clinical Evidence & Peer-Reviewed References (Direct Source Citations)

The statements and mechanisms described in this clinical report are grounded in peer-reviewed published medical literature:

  1. Oaklander, A. L., Herzog, Z. D., Downs, H., & Klein, M. M. (2013). Objective evidence that small-fiber polyneuropathy underlies some illnesses currently labeled as fibromyalgia. Pain, 154(11), 2310-2316. PubMed: 23748113
  2. Üçeyler, N., Zeller, D., Kahn, A. K., Kewenig, S., Kittel-Schneider, S., Schmid, A., ... & Sommer, C. (2013). Small fibre pathology in patients with fibromyalgia syndrome. Brain, 136(6), 1857-1867. PubMed: 23474848
  3. Stecco, C., Stern, R., Porzionato, A., Macchi, V., Masiero, S., Stecco, A., & De Caro, R. (2011). Hyaluronan within fascia in the etiology of myofascial pain. Journal of Bodywork and Movement Therapies, 15(4), 463-470. PubMed: 21665103
  4. Stecco, A., Gesi, M., Stecco, C., & Stern, R. (2013). Fascial components of the myofascial pain syndrome. Current Pain and Headache Reports, 17(8), 352. PubMed: 23801007
  5. Stecco, A., Cowman, M., & Pirri, N. (2022). Densification: Hyaluronan aggregation in human organs and tissues. Bioengineering (Basel), 9(5), 211. PubMed: 35447719
  6. Ge, H. Y., Wang, Y., Danneskiold-Samsøe, B., Graven-Nielsen, T., & Arendt-Nielsen, L. (2009). The predetermined sites of examination for tender points in fibromyalgia syndrome are frequently associated with myofascial trigger points. The Journal of Pain, 10(11), 1183-1189. PubMed: 19914876
  7. Plaut, S. (2022). Scoping review and interpretation of myofascial pain/fibromyalgia syndrome: An attempt to assemble a medical puzzle. PLOS ONE, 17(2), e0263087. PubMed: 35171954
  8. Schweiger, V., Martini, A., Bellamoli, P., Donadello, K., Schievano, C., Baldi, F., ... & Polati, E. (2019). Ultramicronized Palmitoylethanolamide (um-PEA) as add-on treatment in Fibromyalgia Syndrome (FMS): Retrospective observational study on 407 patients. CNS & Neurological Disorders-Drug Targets, 18(4), 326-333. PubMed: 30827269
  9. Salaffi, F., Farah, S., Sarzi-Puttini, P., & Di Carlo, M. (2023). Palmitoylethanolamide and acetyl-L-carnitine act synergistically with duloxetine and pregabalin in fibromyalgia: results of a randomised controlled study. Clinical and Experimental Rheumatology, 41(6), 1345-1353. PubMed: 37378482
  10. Bentivenga, C., Cicero, A. F. G., Fogacci, F., et al. (2025). Retrospective evaluation of L-acetyl carnitine and palmitoylethanolamide as add-on therapy in patients with fibromyalgia and small fiber neuropathy. Pharmaceuticals (Basel), 17(8), 1004. PMC12389737
  11. Cordero, M. D., Alcocer-Gómez, E., de Miguel, M., et al. (2013). Can coenzyme Q10 improve clinical and molecular parameters in fibromyalgia? Antioxidants & Redox Signaling, 19(12), 1356-1361. PubMed: 23458405
  12. Cordero, M. D., et al. (2014). NLRP3 inflammasome is activated in fibromyalgia: the effect of coenzyme Q10. PLOS ONE, 9(3), e92345. PubMed: 24658428
  13. Shah, J. P., Phillips, T. M., Danoff, J. V., & Gerber, L. H. (2008). An in vivo microanalytical technique for measuring the local biochemical milieu of human skeletal muscle. Journal of Applied Physiology, 105(4), 1320-1327. PubMed: 18164325